The Instrumentation And Measurement Engineering Essay

The Instrumentation And Measurement Engineering Essay A single strain gauge having a resistance of 500à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, gauge factor of 2 and a temperature coefficient of 1 ÃÆ'- 10-5 per  °C at room temperature is mounted on the beam and connected in the arm AB of the bridge shown in figure Q4 for measuring a strain in cantilaver beam. The other three arms BC, CD and DA of the bridge have resistance of 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ and 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ respectively. The detector connected across A and C of the bridge has a resistance (Rg) of 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ and sensitivity 5 mm per  µA. The voltage supply to the bridge is 12 V. Determine the detector deflection for a gauge strain of 0.002. Given:- R1 = 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R2 = 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R3 = 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ R4 = 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Resistance across A and C of the bridge, Rg = 100 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ ÃŽÂ ± = temperature coefficient of 1 x 10-5  °C Gauge strain, = 0.002 Voltage supply = 12 V Sensitivity 5 mm / ÃŽÂ ¼A Gauge factor of 2 Solution:- When a strain is introduced, the strain sensitivity, which is also called the gage factor (GF), and also the strain is defined as the amount of deformation per unit length of an object when a load is applied. Strain is calculated by dividing the total deformation of the original length by the original length (L). Substitute all the value that given and find out change in resistance, After get the change in resistance, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R1. Total resistance measured is equal to R1 and R3 in parallel and R2 and R4 in parallel. If strain gauge is changes even a little bit in value can cause the bridge unbalanced and can define that R1 = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R1 + R1. Wheatstone resistive bridge sensors can be analyzed using Thevenins Theorem, where the circuit is reduced to voltage sources with series resistance Voltage across the bridge, VAC varies change as strain gauge, R1 So we can determine the voltage across the bridge, VAC terminals by applying the Ohms Law. R is the resistance that across the A and C of the bridge Lastly, determine the detector deflection for a gauge strain and the deflection are known as below, Deflection = Sensitivity x Current, Ig flow at VAC Deflection = (5 mm / ÃŽÂ ¼A) x 29.71 ÃŽÂ ¼A Deflection = 148.55 mm Determine the change in strain indicated for an increase of 20  °C in room temperature. Substitute the value that to the equivalent change in strain QUESTION 2 A telephone line will be used to carry measurement data as a frequency-modulated signal from 5kHz to 6kHz. The line is shared with unwanted voice data below 500Hz, and switching noise occurs above 500kHz. Design a band-pass RC filter that reduces the unwanted voice by 80% and reduces the switching noise by 90%. Assume CH is 0.05 µF, and use a resistance ratio r of 0.02. What is the Vout/Vin on the passband frequency of 5.5kHz? Given:- Frequency modulated signal from 5 kHz to 6 kHz Unwanted voice data below 500Hz Switching noise above 500 kHz Reduced unwanted voice 80% Reduced switching noise 90% CH = 0.05 ÃŽÂ ¼F Resistance ratio, r = 0.02 First need to find out the low pass filter Passive RC Low Pass Filter Also know that the capacitive reactance of a capacitor in an AC circuit is given as below The High Pass Filter is the exact opposite to the low pass filter. This filter has no output voltage from DC (0Hz), up to a specified cut-off frequency (Æ’c) point. This lower cut-off frequency point is 70.7% or -3dB (dB = -20log Vout/Vin) of the voltage gain allowed to pass. Passive RC High Pass Filter Also know that the capacitive reactance of a capacitor in an AC circuit is given as below After getting value of then substituting to the Substitute the R1 value to the formula to get the R2 value as well Using the FCL find out the C2 Band Pass Filter Circuit Passive RC Band Pass Filter Band Pass Filters passes signals within a certain band or spread of frequencies without distorting the input signal or introducing extra noise. This band of frequencies can be any width and is known as the filters Bandwidth Band Pass Filter Bode Plot QUESTION 3 Describe how the sensor control works in cycle with relay in filling and draining water from the tank. Find the value of amplifier gain, K, required to open the valve when the level reached 1.5 m. Description:- Input flow Q1 and Q2 fill the tank without controlled. When the level of water in tank reaches the height h = 1.5m, the level sensor sends signals voltage, Vh to the amplifier to amplify the voltage to relays voltage Vr = KVh with a gain of K, which the voltage of relay will be large enough to drive the relay closes. As the relays voltage reaches Vr = 6V, the relay is closed and activates the valve to open and water in the tank is started to drain out. After some time, the water level drops to 1.1m and the level sensor will read the signal. Again, the voltage Vh is amplified to Vr = 4.8V and latch the relay to open. The open relay is then instructed the valve to close. Even though the water stops draining out, the water tank is still filling with water. The water level will increase to h = 1.5m again. The same cycle is expected to occur continuously. Given:- Level sensors voltage, Vh = 0.8h + 0.4V Relays voltage, Vr = KVh Relays voltage closes, Vr = 6V h = 1.5m Find the amplifier gain, K Solution:- Level sensor linear static operating characteristics which is given, Vh = 0.8h + 0.4V. Apply this formula to the voltage relay to get the value of amplifier gain, K. Substitute all the info that given to the relays voltage, Vr = KVh At what level does the valve close? Given:- Relays voltage closes, Vr = 4.8V Level sensors voltage, Vh = 0.8h + 0.4V Amplifier gain, K = 3.75 Solution:- When the valve close, the voltage of relay, Vr = 4.8V and given that K = 3.75 and substitute to the formula relays voltage to get the level, h of valve close. 1.28 = 0.8h + 0.4 0.8h = 0.88 h = 1.1 m Suppose Q1 = 5 m3/min, Q2 = 2 m3/min, and Qout = 9 m3/min (when open). Determine the time for water level to rise from 1.1 to 1.5 meters and the time to drain out. Find the total time of cycle. Given:- Input flow rate (velocity), Q1 = 5m3/min and Q2 = 2m3/min Output flow rate (velocity), Qout = 9m3/min (when valve open) Solution:- Time for water level to rise from 1.1m to 1.5m Velocity shows how fast an object is moving to which direction. Average velocity can be calculated by dividing displacement over time. Where the t1 is the time when water start rise at height 1.1m. Assume the t1 = 0 (Initial time) Time for water level to drain out from 1.5m to 1.1m Output flow rate (velocity), Qout = 9m3/min (when valve open) t2 is the time when water reaches 1.1m, water drains out is stopped. Assume t2 = 0 QUESTION 4 A measurement of temperature using a sensor that outputs 6.5 mV/ËÅ ¡C must measure to 100ËÅ ¡C. A 6-bit ADC with a 10V reference is used. Develop a circuit to interface the sensor and the ADC. Find the temperature resolution. Given:- Output of the sensor = 6.5 mV/ ËÅ ¡C measure to 100ËÅ ¡C 6-bit ADC = 10Vref Solution:- Find the output sensor during 100ËÅ ¡C where the output sensor 6.5 mV/ ËÅ ¡C measure 1ËÅ ¡C is given. Resolution can define electrically, and expressed in volts. The minimum change in voltage required to guarantee a change in the output code level is called the LSB (least significant bit, since this is the voltage represented by a change in the LSB). The resolution Q of the ADC is equal to the LSB voltage. The voltage resolution of an ADC is equal to its overall voltage measurement range divided by the number of discrete voltage intervals: N is the number of voltage intervals, EFSR is the full scale voltage range, 10 V Normally, the number of voltage intervals is given by, Where the M is the ADCs resolution in bits. Solution:- Develop a circuit to interface the sensor Block Diagram Figure 4.1 Interfacing an Analog Output Temperature Sensor to an ADC At first sensor consists of a band gap reference circuit that produces a voltage. A switched capacitor op amp amplifier is used to amplify the temperature coefficient to a voltage mV/ °C because of the ease of building capacitors that are a ratio of each other. Lowpass filter is used to remove the switching noise of the amplified signal. The output signal is then driven by a buffer amplifier. The temperature sensors output pin is driven by an op amp that has output impedance (ROUT). The input of the ADC consists of a simple sample and hold circuit. A switch is used to connect the signal source with a sampling capacitor, while the ADC measures the CSAMPLE capacitors voltage in order to determine the temperature. The ROUT and RSWITCH resistances and the CSAMPLE capacitor form a time constant that must be less than the sampling rate (TSAMPLE) of the ADC as shown. An external capacitor can be added to the output pin to provide additional filtering and to form an anti-aliasing filter for the ADC. This capacitor may impact the time response of the sensor and the designer must allow time for the capacitor to charge sufficiently between ADC conversions. Also, the sensor amplifier may oscillate if the filter capacitor is too large. A small resistor of approximately 10 to 100ÃŽÂ © can be added between the output pin of the sensor and CFILTER to isolate the sensors amplifier from the capacitive load. The output impedance of the sensor (ROUT) varies as a function of frequency. Thus, a series resistor should be added to the effective ROUT resistance if CFILTER is intended to serve as the ADCs anti-aliasing filter. The output impedance of the TC1047A is less than 1ÃŽÂ © because operational amplifier A2 functions as a voltage buffer. The output impedance of the sensor is low due to the negative feedback of the buffer circuit topology. The negative feedback results in an output impedance that is equal to the impedance of the amplifier divided by the open-loop gain of the amplifier. The open-loop gain of the op amp is relatively large which, in turn, forces the output impedance to be small. QUESTION 5 A pressure sensor has a resistance that changes with pressure according to R = (0.15 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦/psi)p + 2.5 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. This resistance is then converted to a voltage with the transfer function, The sensor time constant is 350 ms. At t = 0, the pressure changes suddenly from 40 psi to 150 psi. What is the voltage output at 0.5 s? What is the indicated pressure at this time? Given:- Pressure sensor has resistance changes with pressure, R = (0.15 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦/psi)P + 2.5 kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ Transfer function of voltage, Sensor time constant, à Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ = 350 ms At t = 0, Pressure, P change suddenly from 40 psi à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 150 psi Solution:- Pressure changes suddenly from 40 psi to 150 psi and we can assume that the initial pressure, Po = 150 psi Voltage output after t = 0.5 sec, find pressure after 0.5 sec first; Basic formula a quantity pressure depends exponentially on time t if. During the resistance 0.5 sec, P = 35.95 psi. Substitute the indicated pressure at 0.5s, P in resistance changes with pressure according to to find out the resistance during 0.5 sec Voltage output at 0.5 s, 2. At what time does the output reach 5.0 V? Find out the resistance by substitute the output voltage at the formula that giving Indicated pressure at output 5.0 V 50 psi A quantity pressure depends exponentially on time t if, substitute the value of initial pressure, indicated pressure output at 5.0 V and time constant is giving 350 ms. Finally we can get the time does the output reach 5.0 V. ,

Government and Education: Partners or Competitors Essay

The United States government has been subsidizing education for decades in increasingly stronger ways. Today, government invests multi-billion dollar price tags in education on all levels. Secondary education is highly subsidized by government on a federal, state and local level. K-12 education has a hand in the subsidy game as well. There has been controversy regarding whether or not subsidizing secondary education is beneficial to the students, staff and institution. There are also those that say that government involvement with K-12 education can be more of a hindrance than effective assistance. Another hot topic regarding education subsidies is charter schools and what their impact is on public education, and whether or not the programs should be eligible for government subsidies as well. â€Å"The Higher Education Act of 1965 is the basis for many of today’s postsecondary education subsidies, including student loan and grant programs, college library aid, teacher training programs, and other subsidies†¦ Federal aid for higher education soared from $10 billion in fiscal 2000 to $30 billion in fiscal 2008. (McCluskey & Edwards, 2009) Education subsidies have given students that might not otherwise have been able to afford college the opportunity to attend. Grants are funds that do not have to be repaid. Loans are funds that must be repaid, after the student stops taking classes; and have very low interest rates. â€Å"The rise in student subsidies over the decades appears to have fueled inflation in education costs. Tuition and other college costs have soared as subsidies have risen. † (McCluskey & Edwards, 2009) The costs of college tuition and fees has risen dramatically over the years. The steep rise in costs directly correllates with the rise in subsidy funds. â€Å"Federal control over K-12 education has risen dramatically in recent decades. Congress has increased funding for the schools while imposing layers of rules and regulations on local school districts. † (McCluskey, K-12 Education Subsidies, 2009) The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) states that it is, â€Å"To close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child is left behind. † (Ed. ov, 2012) â€Å"Members of Congress and the Department of Education readily admit that the current NCLB requirements†¦ ask too much of students too quickly. Unfortunately, folks in Washington have neglected to make any changes and are moving forward with a flawed system that is setting up students, schools and states to fail. † (O’Connor, 2012) It is thought that the idea behind NCLB is a good one because it encourages schools and school districts to increase standards for education of all students. The program, however, seems to expect more of students than can be achieved in such short time frames. It is not always possible to take a failing group of students and transform them into high achievers in a one year span of time. (O’Connor, 2012) An additional aspect of education includes the charter school model. Charter schools were introduced originally to give parents and students a free alternative to public education. Charter schools are freed from the traditional bureaucracy and regulations that some feel divert a school’s energy and resources toward compliance rather than excellence. Proponents of charter schools argue that instead of jumping through procedural hoops and over paperwork hurdles, educators can focus on setting and reaching high academic standards for their students. † (Unknown) There are multiple sources for funding for Charter Schools according to the National Charter School Resource Center website. Not all forms of funding come from the government. There is private, foundation, state and federal funding opportunities for these charters. Most charter organizations boast high achievement of their students with staggering graduation statistics. These entities are concentrating on teaching children at their own speed and seem to be quite successful on a total scale. Overall, education subsidies are utilized for the positive assistance for students and institutions to enhance educational availability and experiences. The purpose of this government funding is to assist educational facilities with improvement and competitiveness with a global educational marketplace; as well as providing funding for students to pay tuition and fees. In elementary education, this assistance provides funding for school districts for each child in attendance. Although the details of this government funding may need some updating, the program is still quite necessary. There would be many students who could not attend school without government assistance; as well as schools that would surely close without government funding.

Plant and Animal Cell

First of all, plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells. They have complex structures but they both have major differences, as well some similarities. Plant cell are usually larger than animal cell. Both types of cells have many organelles. The plant cell has a few more organelles than the animal cell but for the most part they  have the same organelles. Animal and plant cells both have a nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and  endoplasmic reticulum. Only plant cells have a cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast, and plastids.Both cells are controlled by a nucleus and otherwise they wouldn’t be able to function without it. As well, the ribosomes go through a process called synthesis of proteins, these proteins are necessary for life in the cells. The Golgi apparatus packs the proteins to stay in the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum is categorized into two parts, Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it; it packs the proteins made by the ribosomes.The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes but it detoxifies poisonous material in the cell. Furthermore, animal cells are rounded and irregular in shape, while plant cells have fixed rectangular shapes. Plant cell have cell wall which makes a rectangular structure, these structure are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and a variety of other materials, but animal cells don’t have this cell wall causing it to have dynamic shapes (spherical shape).Plant cells have chloroplasts for the utilization of sunlight and this is what contributes for a plant to look green. Plant cell do photosynthesis while animal cells can’t. The chloroplast is only present in plant cell because they make their own food. Also plant cells contains a large central vacuole that is enclosed by a membrane that makes up 90% of the cell volume, while as compared to the animal cell, it has one or more vacuole but smaller that the plant cell. Also plant cell have plastids and animal cell don’t have.Plastids are small organs in the cytoplasm that stores colored pigment and food. Plant cells use linking pores in their cell wall to connect to each other and pass information while anima cells depend on an analogous system of gap-junctions that allows communication between cells. Animal cells have centrioles, cilia and lysosomes but plant cells have no need for centrioles because their spindle fibers are connected to the cell wall. Below are two pictures, one of an animal cell and the other from a plant cell.ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Reference: 30 Sep. 2012 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_plant_cells_differ_from_animal_cells 30 Sep. 2012 http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_plant_cells_differ_from_animal_cells 30 Sep. 2012 http://scienceray. com/biology/animal-and-plant-cell-similarities-and-differences/ 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. preservearticles. com/201101032391/main-differences-between-plant-and-animal-cell. htm l 30 Sep. 2012 http://www. diffen. com/difference/Animal_Cell_vs_Plant_Cell

Pathway to Personal Growth and Development for Teachers

Pathway to Personal Growth and Development for Teachers It takes a lot of hard work and dedication to be an effective teacher. Like other careers, there are those who are more natural at it than others. Even those with the most natural teaching ability must put in the time necessary to cultivate their innate talent. Personal growth and development is a critical component that all teachers must embrace in order to maximize their potential. There are several different ways that a teacher can enhance their personal growth and development. Most teachers will use a combination of these methods to solicit valuable feedback and information that will guide their teaching career. Some teachers may prefer one method over another, but each of the following has been proven to be valuable in their overall development as a teacher. Advanced Degree Earning an advanced degree in an area within education is a fantastic way to gain a fresh perspective. It is also an excellent way to learn about the newest educational trends. It provides tremendous networking opportunities, can lead to a pay increase, and allows you to specialize in an area where you may have more interest. Going this route is not for everyone. It can be time-consuming, costly, and sometimes overwhelming as you try to balance the other aspects of your life with those of earning a degree. You must be organized, self-motivated, and adept at multi-tasking to use this as a successful way to improve yourself as a teacher. Advice/Evaluations from Administrators Administrators by nature should be excellent resources of advice for teachers. Teachers should not be afraid to seek help from an administrator. It is essential that administrators are accessible for teachers when they need something. Administrators are typically experienced teachers themselves who should be able to provide a wealth of information. Administrators, through teacher evaluations, are able to observe a teacher, identify strengths and weaknesses, and offer suggestions that when followed will lead to improvement. The evaluation process provides natural collaboration where the teacher and administrator can ask questions, exchange ideas, and offer suggestions for improvement. Experience Experience is perhaps the greatest teacher. No amount of training can truly prepare you for the adversity that a teacher can face in the real world. First year teachers often wonder what they have gotten themselves into over the course of that first year. It can be frustrating and disheartening, but it does become easier. A classroom is a laboratory and teachers are chemists constantly tinkering, experimenting, and mixing things up until they find the right combination that works for them.  Each day and year brings about new challenges, but experience allows us to adapt quickly and make changes ensuring that things continue to operate efficiently. Journaling Journaling can provide valuable learning opportunities through self-reflection. It allows you to capture moments in your teaching career that may be beneficial to reference at other points along the way. Journaling does not have to take a lot of your time. 10-15 minutes a day can provide you with a lot of valuable information.  Learning opportunities arise almost daily, and journaling allows you to encapsulate these moments, reflect on them at a later time, and make adjustments that can help you become a better teacher. Literature There is an overabundance of books and periodicals dedicated to teachers. You can find a plethora of terrific books and periodicals to help improve in any area you may struggle with as a teacher. You can also find several books and periodicals that are inspirational and motivational in nature. There are excellent content driven books and periodicals that can challenge how you teach critical concepts. You will probably not agree with every facet of every book or periodical, but most offer sensational tidbits that we can apply to ourselves and to our classrooms. Asking other teachers, talking to administrators, or doing a quick online search can provide you with a good list of must-read literature. Mentoring Program Mentoring can be an invaluable tool for professional growth and development. Every young teacher should be paired with a veteran teacher. This relationship can prove to be beneficial for both teachers so long as both sides keep an open mind. Young teachers can lean on a veteran teacher’s experience and knowledge while veteran teachers can gain a fresh perspective and insight into the newest educational trends. A mentoring program provides teachers with a natural support system where they are able to seek feedback and guidance, exchange ideas, and vent at times. Professional Development Workshops/Conferences Professional development is a mandatory component of being a teacher.  Every state requires teachers to earn a certain number of professional development hours each year. Great professional development can be critical to the overall development of a teacher. Teachers are presented with professional development opportunities covering varying topics throughout the course of each year. Great teachers recognize their weaknesses and attend professional development workshops/conferences to improve these areas. Many teachers commit a portion of their summer to attending professional development workshops/conferences. Workshops/conferences also provide teachers with invaluable networking opportunities that can further enhance their overall growth and improvement. Social Media Technology is changing the face of education inside and outside of the classroom. Never before have teachers been able to make the global connections that they are able to make now. Social media such as Twitter, Facebook, Google , and Pinterest have created a global exchange of ideas and best practices amongst teachers. Personal Learning Networks (PLN) are providing teachers with a new avenue for personal growth and development. These connections provide teachers with a vast array of knowledge and information from other professionals across the globe. Teachers struggling in a particular area are able to ask their PLN for advice. They quickly receive responses with valuable information they can use for improvement. Teacher-Teacher Observations Observations should be a two-way street. Doing the observing and being observed are equally valuable learning tools. Teachers should be open to allowing other teachers in their classroom on a regular basis. It is necessary to note that this will not work if either teacher is egotistical or easily offended. Every teacher is different. They all have their individual strengths and weaknesses. During observations, the observing teacher is able to take notes detailing the other teacher’s strength and weaknesses. Later they can sit down together and discuss the observation. This provides a collaborative opportunity for both teachers to grow and improve. The Internet The Internet provides unlimited resources to teachers with the click of a mouse. There are millions of lesson plans, activities, and information available online for teachers. Sometimes you have to filter everything to find the highest quality content, but search long enough and you will find what you are looking for. This instant access to resources and content makes teachers better. With the Internet, there is no excuse for failing to provide your students with the highest quality lessons. If you need a supplemental activity for a particular concept, you can find likely find it quickly. Sites like YouTube, Teachers Pay Teachers, and Teaching Channel offer quality educational content that can improve teachers and their classrooms.

Definition and Examples of Pet Phrases in English

Definition and Examples of Pet Phrases in English Pet phrase is an informal term for an expression frequently used by an individual in speech and/or writing. A pet phrase may be widely known (a clichà ©, for instance) or peculiar to the individual who employs it. Examples and Observations [In the 1955 movie Kiss Me Deadly] Va-va-voom! Pretty pow! is Nick the Greeks running-gag description of Hammers sports car engines, connoting both their sexual potency and explosive potential (Nick removes two bombs from the Corvette).(Vincent Brook, Land of Smoke and Mirrors: A Cultural History of Los Angeles. Rutgers University Press, 2013)Shed work as an insurance saleswoman, save up a tidy sum of money, enjoy her days off, gazing at herself in the mirror of some brand-name stores. Who I really am . . . Who I really am . . . would become her pet phrase, but after working for three years, shed finally realize that the image shed created of herself wasnt who she really was at all.(Shuichi Yoshida, Villain, trans. by Philip Gabriel. Pantheon, 2010)Whenever his conscience pricked him too keenly he would endeavor to hearten himself with his pet phrase, All in a lifetime. Thinking over things quite alone in his easy-chair, he would sometimes rise up with these words on his lips, and s mile sheepishly as he did so. Conscience was not by any means dead in him.(Theodore Dreiser, Jennie Gerhardt, 1911) Desegregation With All Deliberate SpeedLawyers promptly set to work trying to pin down the origin and significance of with all deliberate speed. And as Supreme Court materials from the Brown [v. Board of Education] years gradually become available, scholars have made a cottage industry of working out how and why the phrase made it into the Brown order. Although the Court in Brown spoke only through its Chief Justice, Earl Warren, this was actually a pet phrase of Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter, who had used the expression deliberate speed in five different opinions since joining the Court in 1939.(James E. Clapp and Elizabeth G. Thornburg, Lawtalk. Yale University Press, 2011)Game Changer and Thinking Outside the BoxWe have to look creatively, said stadium board Chairman Don Snyder, UNLV’s acting president. We can’t get in the way of the (convention center project). . . . There’s a tremendous scramble for limited resources.No longer was Snyder rolling out hi s pet phrase of game changer to describe the stadium wish. Now, he’s using another phrase- thinking outside the box- to describe what it will take to pay for the proposed venue.(Alan Snel, UNLV Stadium Panel Members Begin Puzzling Out Funding Solutions. Las Vegas Review-Journal, February 27, 2014) Frank Sinatras Ring-a-Ding-Ding![Sammy Cahn] and the composer Jimmy Van Heusen were commissioned by [Frank] Sinatra to write a song using Sinatras catchphrase for his first Reprise album, which was called, not surprisingly, Ring-a-Ding-Ding! The phrase- like Shakespeares Hey nonny nonny- thumbed its nose at meanings and sincerity.(John Lahr, Sinatras Song. Show and Tell: New Yorker Profiles. University of California Press, 2000)Using Pet Phrases in WritingRepeat a distinctive thought or phrase of dialogue in the story. This connects an earlier part of the story to a later one without having to rely on an overt transitional device. Television shows frequently overuse this technique, giving one character a pet phrase that he repeats ad nauseam. One way to vary the device is to give it a different meaning each time its used. On Seinfeld, all the principal characters would use the same phrase, often with a different meaning, all in the same scene, creating a device all its own.(James V. Smith, Jr., The Writers Little Helper: Everything You Need to Know to Write Better and Get Published. Writers Digest Books, 2012) Pet Expressions in 19th-Century EnglandNobody who has busied himself with watching the peculiarities of contemporary speech can have failed to notice the prevalence of pet expressions. . . . The young man of the day, in particular, has a slow and sluggish mind, and can seldom be troubled to give a careful specification of the particular person or thing which forms the topic of his conversation. He finds it answers better for his purpose to choose some simple generic term which he can use when his thoughts fail him. What the trapeze is to the acrobat, his pet expression is to the modern young man. It serves as a rest to steady himself on and to sustain him until he takes his next awkward flight. Many a fall would that young man have, many an awkward hiatus or wrongly-chosen expression would there be in his discourse was not his pet phrase always near him to be rested on half-way whenever the exigencies of his narrative become too much for his powers of speech.The conversation of the y oung lady of the period is principally remarkable for its adjectives. Unlike the young man, she has rarely any pet substantive whereby to express most things that come under her notice; it may be that she refrains to use her brothers phrases for fear of being considered slangy. But she rejoices in a curious collection of qualifying adjectives, by the aid of which she manages to make her meaning known. Anything that pleases her, from a bracelet to a sunset, is dabbed by the title of quite too lovely, while its antithesis, whether used in reference to a public calamity or a bad floor at a dance, is pronounced to be quite too dreadful. Any act of kindness bestowed upon this young person wins from her the remark that such attention is truly affecting, and with this pet phrase, and a few more lovelys and preciouses, varied and qualified by the word quite and too being prefixed to them either singly or together, she manages to rub along very well. . . .The good talker has gone out of fash ion, and would now be voted a prosy old bore; it is not the fashion to be careful about the way you express a thing, or to appear to be giving yourself much trouble in entertaining your hearers. The words of the modern young man come out in disjointed fragmentsmuch as one might expect a Dutch doll to talk was it blessed with the power of speech; his sentences seem as if they dropped out of his lips without his own volition.He has one favorite word at a time, and he wears it threadbare. If you can understand it, all the better for you; if not, you would not like to show your ignorance by asking; so the young man distinctly scores one there. His pet phrase covers his ignorance or his laziness, and he is borne along with the tide instead of having to row against the stream.(Pet Expressions. Household Words: A Weekly Journal, January 5, 1884)Also  See:   BuzzwordCatchphraseChunkColloquialismPhraseSlangVogue Word

Chronic Open-Angle Versus Acute Close-Angle Glaucoma Assignment

Chronic Open-Angle Versus Acute Close-Angle Glaucoma - Assignment Example Chronic open-angle glaucoma has been described as the most common in human. The occurrence of the condition has been linked to dysfunctional drainage channels that hinder the normal elimination of fluid from the eye (Simon & Zieve, 2012). Failure to remove fluids from the eye at a normal rate leads to increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Symptoms of the conditions are mostly experiences at a later stage as the condition progresses. They include a gradual decrease of vision from the sides of the eye and decrease of straight ahead vision (Simon & Zieve, 2012). In the absence of treatment, blindness occurs to the affected individual. The assessment of this condition is mainly done by checking IOP using a procedure known as tonometry (Simon & Zieve, 2012). The other procedure of assessment is to measure cornea thickness to known about the progression of the condition. Another form of assessment is through checking the damage of the optic nerve using magnifying lens instrument. The tes t is also done in the visual field to understand the level of impairment. On the other hand, acute closed-angle glaucoma is a common problem in human. It occurs when the outer iris get in touch with the trabecular meshwork leading to temporary or permanent closure (Khondkaryan & Francis, 2013). There are various symptoms of the condition. They include blurred vision, painful red eye, headache, nausea, and sometimes vomiting (Khondkaryan & Francis, 2013). The assessment of the condition is done through various ways. First, there is an examination of visual acuity as it is mainly decreased after getting the condition. Secondly, the examination is done in the eye and may indicate red with a vascular blockage, corneal swelling, and dilated the unresponsive pupil (Khondkaryan & Francis, 2013). The examination is also done on IOP. The presence of the

Group Assignment - Project Goals and Purpose Essay

Group Assignment - Project Goals and Purpose - Essay Example The project will demonstrate that when employees are given the freedom to air and follow their values and add to the culture of the work place, they get the ownership of the job and hence develop the need to continually foster its growth through performance increase despite the challenges they might encounter (Rosenthal and Masarech, 2003, pg. 4). Values as explained by Sisk, (2003) are about doing the right thing by an individual. Culture involves the behaviour and practices in an organization which the employees, management and customers surround themselves with. Culture is fostered and maintained by the values of the employees and with a good corporate culture, both employees and customers will be satisfied and this means that their performance and business will increase tremendously and the ultimate results being high performance and gaining competitive advantage in the market place. Culture grows with the addition of new employees (Smith, 2014) and in order to maintain the high performance and fulfil the objectives of a company, growth in culture must be allowed and even encouraged. Smith, F. (September 11th, 2014). â€Å"Atlassian, Australia’s Best Place to Work, to ‘gamify’ recruitment.† Financial Review. Retrieved from: